今天小編要來和大家介紹的一篇文章，是出自英國《衛報》，內容是有關建議醫院改良對待病患的整體環境與照顧模式。

小編看到這篇文章的時候覺得很有感覺，其中一個原因是在美國實習時，有些同學就是在醫院，醫院不乏有”activity therapist”(休閒活動治療師)類似這樣的職位或設計。但是對於醫生來說，要把看似「休閒活動」的東西稱做治療，還是無法進入他們的專業認同中。也就是說，在戲劇治療中很重要的戲劇遊戲、創造活動還有針對語言與肢體能力較受限的個案所著重的感官、身體遊戲乃至於投射活動，都被看做是「休閒娛樂」。只需要有點心理學背景的「志工」就可以來帶，所以醫院也不會正式或是有計畫性地聘請表達性藝術治療師，或是能夠建立完善、相關的督導體系。

然而在這當中我還是看到治療的可能，與復原的美好。文章中最讓我感動的一段是有一位志工和相當麻木的中風病患玩簡單的彈手指遊戲，竟然就讓那名病患重拾失去的聲音與肢體表達。

所以，「遊戲」與「創造」對於「復原」的重要性是無可比擬的！

原文出處：https://goo.gl/jsKCfz

NHS hospitals are told to offer patients bingo sessions to beat boredom

國民健康署醫院被要求要提供病患賓果來對抗無聊

A BMA report suggests leisure activities and art classes will speed recovery

據英國醫學會報導指出休閒活動和藝術課程能加速復原

Frankie Howerd in Carry on Doctor: hospitals have been told to make patients' lives more stimulating. Photograph: Allstar

醫院被指示要讓病患的生活刺激有變化

The NHS should use bingo, art classes and beds with views of green spaces to help patients beat the boredom, depression and social isolation of being in hospital, doctors' leaders are urging.

醫生中的領導者們疾呼，國民健康署應該使用賓果、藝術課程和有綠化視野的病床來幫助病患在住院期間打擊無聊、憂鬱和社會孤立。

Drama therapy, sunnier rooms, live musical performances and quieter wards would also help make patients happier and speed their recovery, says the British Medical Association. A new report from the BMA's Board of Science, seen by the Observer, highlights how a spell in hospital will prove tedious and dispiriting for many patients.

英國醫學會指出，戲劇治療、較明亮的房間、現場音樂表演和安靜的病房同樣能幫助病患較為快樂並加速他們的復原。英國醫學會的科學委員會一項由觀察家報導刊出的新調查，特別強調在醫院裡的一道魔法咒語般的變化能為許多病患改善寂寥和令人氣餒的氣氛。

It says hospitals should do more to stop those receiving treatment from simply lounging around in their pyjamas in bed for much of the day.

調查指出醫院應該為病患做更多而不只是讓接受治療的個案單單穿著睡衣晃來晃去，並花大部分的時間躺在床上。

"Hospitalisation presents specific stresses over and above those associated with illness, ranging from environmental factors such as unfamiliar surroundings to the lack of privacy and independence, and uncertainty about ill-health outcomes," the report says. "When a patient's needs are not met it may affect their emotional state."

調查指出：「住院帶來特殊的壓力，除了因患病所產生的壓力，另外還有環境因素像是不熟悉且缺乏隱私和獨立性的周遭環境、對於預後的不確定性等。當一個病患的需求不被滿足時，這可能會影響到他們的情緒狀態。」

While most people adjust well to illness confining them, "a significant proportion find their emotional and social coping mechanisms are challenged. Physical illness can have profound social and emotional consequences," it adds, pointing out that a patient's loss of their normal role as a parent, worker or provider can be very unsettling. The study collates evidence from around the world about measures shown to help meet what it calls patients' psychosocial needs.

當大多數民眾對於疾病帶來的限制能有良好地自我調整，「他們仍然有很大一部分的情緒和社交技能改變了。生理上的疾患對於社會和情緒狀態有深遠的影響」調查報告並指出，當一個病患失去他們正常的角色，例如家長、職員或供應者，這是一件令人很不安的事。該研究核對了世界各地關於符合病患心理需求的各樣措施的證據。

Playing lullabies and classical music to premature babies aided their weight gain. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at London's Chelsea and Westminster Hospital who viewed art exhibitions had lower levels of anxiety and depression. Installing high-performance ceiling tiles in a coronary critical care unit in Sweden helped reduce noise from staff, machines and buzzers that can annoy patients.

如播放搖籃曲和古典音樂促進寶寶發展並幫助他們體重增加。倫敦雀爾喜和西敏寺醫院接受化療的癌症病患參觀藝術展覽後有效地降低了他們的焦慮和憂鬱程度。在瑞典，冠狀動脈重症病患的病房天花板，裝置了高效能的磁磚幫助降低周遭工作人員、機械與按鈴帶來的噪音，使病患不被打擾。

Dr Vivienne Nathanson, the BMA's head of science and ethics, said: "Some simple and inexpensive soft, non-clinical things – such as getting more daylight in, planting some trees outside the ward, or encouraging patients to wander around a bit – can help shorten a patient's time in hospital and reduce their demand for pain relief.

英國醫學會科學與倫理部主席，薇薇安醫師指出：「有些簡單、低廉、柔性、非臨床的東西，例如讓更多日光照進來、在病房外多種些樹木或是鼓勵病患在其中漫步；能幫助病患縮短待在醫院的時間，並幫助減少他們對於止痛藥物的需求。」

"So there's clearly a clinical, and potentially financial, justification for the NHS to ask which of these things each unit can do, within the hospital's budget of course."

「所以這對國民健康署來說是明確點出一個臨床並且是潛在的財務方針調整，國民健康署可以詢問各單位醫院，在他們的預算中，哪些事情是他們可以做的。」

The design brief for all new NHS facilities should include provision for layouts and colour schemes that will produce the most relaxing atmosphere, she added. Hospital gardens, single-sex accommodation and even pictures of landscapes on the wall can promote a sense of wellbeing among patients.

薇薇安醫師另外補充，所有國健署新設備的設計簡報應該包含可以產生最放鬆氣氛的設計圖和色彩樣貌。醫院的花園、性別獨立的膳宿、牆上的地景圖等都可以提升病患的整體健康狀況。

At Salisbury District Hospital in Wiltshire, volunteers play card games, lay on bingo sessions and read newspapers with patients on the elderly care ward, and those who have had strokes. Each weekday some of the 15 volunteers, who are all psychology graduates or students, spend three hours with up to 10 patients doing individual or group activities.

在威爾特的索爾茲伯里區立醫院中，志工和年長的長照病患以及中風病患一起玩卡牌遊戲、賓果、閱讀報紙。每個禮拜有十五名志工，都是心理學相關的畢業生、在學生，與至多十名的病患有三小時的時間做個別或團體活動。

Dr Kate Jenkins, a clinical psychologist who runs the programme at the hospital, said: "When people are in hospital for a while they get used to lying in bed and looking at the walls of their room or the ward.

凱特‧詹金斯醫師，一位在醫院有主持計畫的臨床心理學家，說道：「當人們待在醫院過了一陣子以後，他們就會漸漸開始習慣躺在床上並持續看著病房的牆壁。」

"Patients can become depressed with a lack of stimulation, especially elderly people who are likely to have less of a social network than patients in their 20s."

「病患若缺少刺激會變得憂鬱，相較於二十幾歲的病患，較缺乏人際網絡連結的年長者更有可能面臨這樣的問題。」

"One volunteer played snap with a man who'd lost the ability to speak after a stroke, and who had said and done nothing apart from staring at a wall in the two weeks since he arrived. But during the game he was slapping his hand down and laughing when he won. Staff were amazed," added Jenkins.

「有一位志工和一位中風失去溝通能力的男士玩彈手指。這位男士在他入院後整整兩星期沒有說或做任何事情，只有一直盯著牆壁。但是當志工和他遊戲時，當他贏了他開始拍手和大笑。工作人員都驚呆了。」詹金斯醫師補充道。

In so-called "reminiscence sessions" the volunteers ask stroke patients to recall key early-life events such as their wedding, their role in the war or experience of the 1960s.

在所謂的「懷舊時刻」，志工們詢問中風的病患去回想在早年生活當中的關鍵事件如他們的婚禮、他們在戰場上的角色或是1960年代的經驗。

The initiative, launched last year, has been so successful, the hospital hopes to extend it to other wards, with younger patients.

這個去年開始的行動十分成功，醫院希望能延伸此計畫到其他的病房，與更多年輕病患互動。

Depression among participants has fallen, patient satisfaction has risen and length of stay on the two wards has dropped by 25%, said Jenkins."Sadly I don't think there's a lot of this sort of stuff going on in the NHS," she added. "A lot of it is about changing the culture in hospitals, getting people to realise that you don't have to have pyjamas on and stay in bed all day. Your brain is a muscle like any other; you use it or you lose it."In a report last week the NHS Confederation, which represents hospitals, found that patients in those who that tackled issues such as noise, privacy and quality of food were happier and healthier and did better. But hospitals needed to worker harder to improve patient experience, it said.

詹金斯醫師指出，計畫參與者的憂鬱情況下降，病患的滿意程度上升，而留院的時間縮短了百分之二十五。「令人惋惜的是，我並不覺得在國健署裡有多少類似的計畫」她補充道。「與此息息相關的是改變醫院的文化─讓民眾了解你不需要一直穿著睡衣躺在床上。你的大腦就如同身體任何其他部位的肌肉一樣：你使用它或是你流失它。」在國健署邦聯上個禮拜一份代表醫院情況的報告中，發現病患能處理像是噪音、隱私和伙食品質的話，他們表現得更快樂、健康和復原得更好。報導同時指出，醫院需要更努力去改善病患的經驗。